These data allow questioning the necessity of microscopy in urine samples without physical chemical alterations. Aug 30, 2017 physical and chemical examination of urine 1. The routine analysis of urine includes the physical, chemical and microscopic observation. Volume of only the 24hr specimen of urine needs to be measured and reported. Excessive quantities of urine may indicate diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus. This chapter focuses on what the physician may do in a few minutes with a urine sample. Physical examination of urine includes description of color, odor, clarity, volume, and specific gravity.
Following a brief historical consideration of urinalysis and a very cursory description of the internal structure and function of the kidneys, various chapters are devoted to the physical and chemical composition of the urine, qualitative tests of various sorts, quantitative estimations, the microscopic examination of urine, and special tests. History and physical examination are the most useful tools for diagnosis. Macroscopic and chemical examination of urine july 2017 page 3. The first test, specific gravity, is actually a physical characteristic of the urine it is a. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various. Chemical examination of urine includes the identification of. It highlights and describes various types of routine urine examination including physical, chemical and microscopic examination. Physical properties and detection of normal constituents. This diagnostic tool provides information about the urinary tract and other body systems. Urine is a valuable index to many normal and pathology mechanisms. This video aims to enlighten the viewer about urine analysis. A minimum of 400 to 500 ml urine must be produced daily to rid the body of wastes.
Volume total volume can be evaluated only from 24hour urine sample. Physical examination variables studied are listed in table 4 along with estimates of their diagnostic accuracy. Currently, most diseases that we can detect with urinalysis can be diagnosed much earlier with blood tests. In the laboratory, urine can be characterized by physical appearance, chemical composition, and microscopically. Lesson 55 microscopic examination of urine sediment. Study 83 chemical examination of urine flashcards from tina c. Basic chemical examination of urine proteins, glucose, ketone bodies, blood and hemoglobin, bilirubin, urobilinogen to see the positive reaction, please use as a sample being tested the imitation of urine positive for the presence of the analyte tested container labeled with the name of the analyte.
Chemical examination the chemical examination of urine is most commonly carried out in the surgery or outpatient clinic, by a nurse, using commercially prepared test strips. At present, chemical urine tests are performed on automatic analyzers using test strips, which allow obtaining information on 812 parameters of urine. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Urinalysis is the examination of urine for certain physical properties, solutes, cells, casts, crystals, organisms, or particulate matter. Himil parikh first year resident gcs medical college, ahmedabad guided by dr. Simple quiz for urinalysis physical examination and possible abnormalities. Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. Acute pyelonephritis is a common bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and kidney most often seen in young adult women. Ideally, the specimen for routine urinalysis should be examined while it is fresh within 12 hours of collection. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Chronically high or low ph can lead to disorders, such as the development of kidney stones or osteomalacia. Proposed guidelines for the analytical phase by the intersociety urinalysis group article pdf available november 2016 with 249 reads.
Chemical examination of urine slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Normally, the ph of urine is usually weakly acidic, but may have a different reaction 4. The chemical examination of urine is most commonly carried out in the surgery or outpatient clinic, by a nurse, using commercially prepared test strips. In this lecture material the routine urine test, physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine are briefly discussed. Figure 41 illustrates a typical urine chemistry reagent strip. Physical, chemical and morphological urine examination. In this examination, we look into colour, volume, odour, clarity, specific gravity. Or, if someone reports having to urinate frequently, or pain with urination, a urinalysis can help identify an infection. The ketone test is based on the development of colors ranging from light pink to maroon when ketones react with nitroprusside. But sometimes urinalysis is appropriate during an annual physical. Mar 24, 2014 chemical examination of urine slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. These may b based on either physical or chemical components, that may give insight to processes within the body, often. Chemical examination chemical examination of urine the routine analysis of urine includes chemical test for protein, glucose, ketone bodies. History and physical examination plus laboratory testing for.
Volume 6001,600 ml adult polyuria 2,000 mlday oliguria urine analysis psau ppt. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Urine is an unstable fluid, and changes to its composition begin to take place as soon as it is voided. The chemical examination of urine is most commonly carried out in the. Urinalysis analyzes characteristics of the urine and is used to diagnose diseases. When the body metabolizes fats incompletely, ketones are excreted in the urine resulting in ketonuria. The microscopic examination is usually performed if the physical or chemical analysis shows abnormal findings.
These substances are products from the body metabolism either normal or abnormal or products derived directly from foods. Review the objectives on page 1 and 2 of the lecture handout objectives marked with. Name 10 routine chemical tests performed on urine and list and describe a condition that will cause an abnormal 2. Physical and chemical characteristics of normal urine urine analysis infers valuable information in a variety of ailments. Sediment examination of urine without physicalchemical alterations in this group of patients, the most frequent diseases were. Chemical composition of urine changes with standing and formed elements degenerate with time 4. The physical examination includes the things which you can observe physically. It helps detect alterations in the composition of the urine which help in the diagnosis of many disorders. Ppt chemical examination of urine powerpoint presentation. Measure the density specific gravity with urinometer.
Correlate results of chemical tests with those of physical examination. Chemical examination of urine competently about health on ilive. The urine sample is centrifuged so that the concentrated substances can be isolated and studied under the microscope where substances such as crystals and cells can be counted. Volume 6001,600 ml adult polyuria 2,000 mlday oliguria physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine involves many tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine also used. The ph hydrogen ion concentration of the urine can vary more than fold, from a normal low of 4. When a strip is briefly, but completely, dipped into urine, the test pads absorb. The chemical examination includes a test for the presence of abnormal substances or chemical in urine or abnormal amount of normal. Urinalysis used to be routine during checkups, typically to test for traces of blood, protein, or sugar. The chemical examination is usually performed in the laboratory using urine test strips with rows of test pads called reagents. The most frequent and easiest sample to obtain, however, test results from random specimens can provide an inaccurate view of the patients health, if the sample is too dilute. This helped to identify people with hidden kidney disease or diabetes.
Human urine is yellowish in color and variable in chemical composition, but here is. The clarity of a well mixed urine specimen that has visible particulate matter in through which newsprint can be seen but not read should be described as. Macroscopic and chemical examination of urine july 2017 page 2 random a sample collected at any time of day or night. Physical properties of urine volume not usually measured in routine urinalysis o diuresis. Ketonuria may be present in diabetes and starvation or fasting. A complete urinalysis includes physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations. Ppt examination of urine powerpoint presentation free. Y examination of urine provides info regarding diseases of the kidney and lower urinary tract y clinical lab disciplines involved in urinalysis. Urine, a typically sterile liquid byproduct of the body, is secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra.
It is clear, therefore, that knowledge of the chemical and physical properties of urine concentrates, for which there is very little reference information, is required for the satisfactory analysis and design of all urine processing systems. Normally, only traces of protein are found in urine, and when higher amounts are found. Chemical examination of urine competently about health. Since blood testing is more common in doctors offices now. Substances in urine indicating a pathological condition. Samples that have been collected as midstream, cleancatch, catheterized or by suprapubic aspiration should have that information included as well. First voided morning urine is ideal when evaluating suspected glomerulonephritis routine urine analysis appearance chemical tests dipstick ph protein glucose. These are narrow plastic strips that hold test pads, arranged in a row. Physical and chemical examination of urine flashcards. For this reason, it is important for the physician to correlate the urine ph with other information to determine whether there is a problem. All steps must be completed as listed on the instructors performance check sheet. Removal of water not needed by the body fluids, the amount depending on the balance between glomerular filtrate and he degree of tubular. Urinalysis urine analysis often provides clues to renal disease. In order to get reliable results samples should be processed as soon as possible.
To about 5 ml of urine add a few drops of a saturated solution of picric acid. Your health care provider will tell you what type of urine sample is needed. Routine urine examination is detailed analysis of urine. Refrigerated is best when infection is suspected 5. It is hoped that the data reported here will fulfill this need. The urine taken later during the day is more affected by liquid intake, food and physical activity. Physical characteristics of urine have been used as diagnostic and prognostic tool from the time immemorial by the health physicians. Jan 28, 2020 urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys to remove waste products from the bloodstream. Mar 31, 2015 the routine analysis of urine includes the physical, chemical and microscopic observation. Diseases and conditions in which the ph of the urine can vary.
There is no abnormal range as such, since the urine can normally vary from acid to alkaline. Physical examination normal abnormal colour pale yellow hematuria smoky urine hemoglobinuria etc. Pdf sediment examination of urine without physical. Bacteria in a fresh urine, fat, red blood cells, renal epithelial cells, white blood cells, yeast.
The visual examination is only part of the story in urinalysis, to identify which substances are present, it is necessary to perform further chemical and microscopic tests on the urine. Sediment examination of urine without physicalchemical. Lesson 53 physical examination of urine worksheet lesson 54 chemical examination of urine student performance guide lesson 54 chemical examination of urine. Performing the procedure for the chemical examination of urine satisfactorily for the instructor. The need for trained human resources in the field is, therefore, very essential not only for patient care but also for preventive measures. To 2 ml of urine add 1 ml of bendect reagent, then heated in a boiling water bath for three minutes. The average 24hr urinary output in adults is 6002000 ml.
Jun 08, 2018 this video aims to enlighten the viewer about urine analysis. Urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys to remove waste products from the bloodstream. Urine testing provides rapid, valuable and reliable information into health status of the patient. Urine is often used as a diagnostic feature for many disease conditions. Introduction urine can be used to look for physical and biochemical abnormalities. Among those, only 32 4% presented alterations of clinical relevance in urine sediment examination. Aug 10, 2017 the chemical examination is carried out for substances in urine are listed below. Physical and chemical examination of urine slideshare. Sediment examination of urine without physical chemical alterations in this group of patients, the most frequent diseases were. Diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in women. Pdf physical, chemical and morphological urine examination. In this lecture material the routine urine test, physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine are briefly discussed and it is a preparation which is intended. Urine is extremely important for the diagnosis of different.
Collection, preservation and physical examination introduction urine is an ultrafiltrate of plasma from which substances essential to the body are reabsorbed and through which those substances not needed are excreted. Urinalysis is the exam of the physical and chemical properties of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements. Midstream clean collection is acceptable in most situations, but the specimen should be examined within. Physical and chemical examination of urine proprofs quiz. The volume varies according to fluid intake, diet, and climate. May 23, 2018 the parameters to be examined on physical examination of urine are listed below.
As such, collection, storage, and handling are important issues in maintaining the integrity of this specimen. Pdf sediment examination of urine without physicalchemical. When a sample of urine is submitted to a pathological laboratory, the following examinations are done. Single specimen collected at any time of day and is sufficient for routine urine examination. It is a complicated aqueous solution of various organic and inorganic substances. Urinalysis is the exam of the physical and chemical properties of ppt. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine. Properly use and interpret the reactions of the reagent strip with patient. Lesson 53 physical examination of urine student performance. In the laboratory, urine can be characterized by physical appearance, chemical composition, and. Two common methods of collecting urine are 24hour urine collection. The parameters to be examined on physical examination of urine are listed below. Physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine involves many tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine also used to detect the presence of an infection in the urinary tract. Chemical examination chemical examination of urine the routine analysis of urine includes chemical test for protein, glucose, ketone bodies, occult blood, bile salts, bile pigments and urobilinogen.
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